PASSIVE VOICE

NAME   : Apresia Indra Satyo    (21212011)

CLASS  : 3EB22

DEFINITION OF PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is a grammatical voice common in many languages. In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed.  This contrasts with active voice, in which the subject has the agent role. For example, in the passive sentence "The tree was pulled down", the subject (the tree) denotes the patient rather than the agent of the action. In contrast, the sentences "Someone pulled down the tree" and "The tree is down" are active sentences.

Typically, in passive clauses, what is usually expressed by the object (or sometimes another argument) of the verb is now expressed by the subject, while what is usually expressed by the subject is either deleted, or is indicated by some adjunct of the clause. Thus, turning an active verb into a passive verb is a valence-decreasing process ("detransitivizing process"), because it turns transitive verbs into intransitive verbs. This is not always the case; for example in Japanese a passive-voice construction does not necessarily decrease valence.

Many languages have both an active and a passive voice; this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the syntactic role of subject. The use of passive voice allows speakers to organize stretches of discourse by placing figures other than the agent in subject position. This may be done to foreground the patient, recipient, or other thematic role. it may also be useful when the semantic patient is the topic of on-going discussion. The passive voice may also be used to avoid specifying the agent of an action.

For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is expressed here with the phrase by Brutus, but this can be omitted. The equivalent sentence in active voice is Brutus stabbed Caesar, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb.

We call the bulleted sentence PASSIVE SENTENCE.

The pattern: S  +  To be  +  V3  +  by agent

1.  Present tense:    S  +  is/am/are  +  V3

-          The floor is swept by the servent in the morning

-          I am given some money by father

-          The vegetable are sold in the market

2.      Present Continues :          S  +  is/am/are  +  being  +  V3 

-          The floor is swept by the servent now

-          The rooms are being decorated

 

3.      Past tense :      S  +  was/were  +  V3     

-          The TV was repaired by a mechanic yesterday

-          The girls were invited to the party

 
4.  Present tense :       S  + Have/has  +  been  +  V3  

-          The shop has been closed since last week.

-          The robbers have been investigated by the police for two hours.

5.      Modal (can, will, may, etc)            :

S  +  Modal  +  Be  +  v3

 

-          The packet will be opened soon.

-          The letter can be written in ten minute.

1.      Active: I read a dictionary

Passive: A dictionary is read by me

2.      A: Mely washed the dishes.

P: The dishes was washed by Mely.

3.      A: Bella will visit Indonesia.

P: Indonesia will be visited by Bella

4.      A: Ann is cleaning the living room.

P: The living room is being cleaned by Ann.

5.      A: Danny was playing football.

P: Football was being played by Danny.

6.      A: Manny will buying a book.

P: A book will be being bought by Manny.

7.      A: Father has done the job.

P: The job has been done by father.

8.      A: Lucy had visited Lombok.

P: Lombok had been visited by Lucy.

9.      A: Someone cleaned the library

P: The library was cleaned.

10.  A: Nick helps Merry

P:  Merry is helped by Nick

11.  A:  I shall give her a new pen.
 P:  She will be given a new pen.

12.   A: He writes the letters carefully.
 P: The letters are written carefully

13.  A: He meets them everyday.
P: They are met by him everyday

14.  A: She waters this plant every two days.
P:  This plant is watered by her every two days

15.  A:  He met them yesterday
P:  They were met by him yesterday

16.  A: The pizza maker deliveres pizza to your house 
P: Pizza is delivered by the pizza maker to your house

17.  A:  He had met them before I came.
P:  They had been met by him before I came

18.  A: She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
P:  This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

19.  A: He will meet them tomorrow.
P:  They will be met by him tomorrow.

20.  They did the test. (active)

The test was done by them. (passive)

21.  A cake is being made by my mother. (passive)

My mother is making a cake. (active)

22.  She will hold a party. (active)

A party will be held by her. (passive)

23.  The team has won the match.(active)

The match has been won by the team. (passive)

24.  He would cancel the meeting. (active)

The meeting would be cancelled by him. (passive)

25.  They made this plane in Germany. (active)

This plane was made by them in Germany. (passive)

26.  The students sang a song. (active)

A song was sung by the students. (passive)

27.  Gina read the book yesterday. (active)

The book was read by Gina yesterday. (passive)

28.  She has been telling it to me. (active)

It has been being told to me by her. (passive)

29.  Secretary wrote the letter two days ago.

The letter was written by secretary two days ago. (passive)

30.  We will discuss the matter later. (active)

The matter will be discussed later. (passive)

31.  She cannot repair the computer. (active)

The computer cannot be repaired by her. (passive)

32.  Does the boy like it? (active)

Is it liked by the boy?  (passive)

33.  We can help you. (active)

You can be helped by us. (passive)

34.  The army shot the terrorist. (active)

The terrorist was shot by the army. (passive)

35.   Rizki is taking the umbrella. (active)

The umbrella is being took by Rizki. (passive)

36.  Rina bought a necklace. (active)

A necklace was bought by Rina. (passive)

37.  Evan is buying some flowers for his girlfriend.

Some flowers are being bought by Evan for his girlfriend.

38.  A: We are decorating the hall.

P: The hall is being decorated by us.

39.  A: The government increases the production of rice

P: the poduction of rice is increased by the government

40.  A: The professor will give a speech in the forum

P:  A speech will be given by the professor in the forum