NAME : APRESIA INDRA S
NPM : 21212011
CLASS : 3EB22
GLOBAL WARMING
Global
warming is a process
of increasing the average
temperature of the atmosphere, ocean,
and land Earth.
Global average temperature at Earth's surface has increased by 0.74
° C ± 0:18 (1:33 ± 0:32
° F) over the
last hundred years. Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that, "the
majority of the increase in global
average temperatures since the
mid-20th century, most likely caused by increased concentrations
of greenhouse gases due to human activity through
the greenhouse effect.
Increasing global temperature will
cause changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather
phenomena and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. Consequences
of global warming include its impact on agricultural output, loss of glaciers
and the extinction of various animal species. Some things that scientists are
still in doubt about the amount of warming expected to occur in the future, and
how warming and changes that occur will vary from one region to another. Up to
now there is still political and public debate in the world about what, if any,
action should be taken to reduce or reverse the further warming or to adapt to
the consequences there.
All
energy sources that exist on Earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy in
the form of short-wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy
arrives surface of the Earth, he turned on the light into heat that warms the
Earth. Earth's surface will absorb some of the heat and reflect the rest. Some
of this heat tangible long-wave infrared radiation into space. However, some
heat remains trapped in the Earth's atmosphere due to the accumulated amount of
greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and
methane that become traps for this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect
radiation emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat stored in the Earth's
surface. This situation occurs continuously, resulting in an annual average
temperature of the earth continues to increase.
These
gases working in the greenhouse gas. With the increasing concentration of these
gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped below. The greenhouse effect
is very much needed by all living things on earth, because without it, the
planet would be very cool. With an average temperature of 15 ° C (59 ° F), the
earth has actually hotter 33 ° C (59 ° F) from its original temperature, if
there is no greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only -18 ° C so that
the ice will cover the entire Earth's surface. But on the contrary, if these
gases in the atmosphere has been excessive, will lead to global warming
There
is hypothesized that the variations of the sun
can contribute to warming today. The difference between
this mechanism with the warming due to the greenhouse effect is the increased activity of the sun will heat the stratosphere
reverse the greenhouse effect cools the stratosphere. Cooling of the lower stratosphere has been observed since at least 1960, which
would not happen if solar activity became a
major contributor to recent
warming. Thinning of the ozone
layer also can
provide a cooling effect but the depletion occurs from the
end of 1970. The phenomenon of
solar variability combined with volcanic activity may
have given the warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950, as well as the
cooling effect since 1950.
The impact of global warming
a.
Climate
started unstable
Northern regions of the northern hemisphere (Northern
Hemisphere) will warm faster than other regions on Earth. As a result, icebergs
will melt and the land will shrink. There will be less ice floating in the
waters of the North. Areas which previously experienced a mild snow, probably
will not get it again. In the temperate mountains, snow-covered portion will
shrink and will melt faster. The planting season will be longer in some areas.
The temperature in winter and at night will tend to increase.
Warm areas will become more humid because more water
evaporates from the oceans. Scientists are not yet sure whether the moisture
will actually increase or decrease warming further. This is because water vapor
is a greenhouse gas, so its presence will increase the insulation effect of the
atmosphere. However, more water vapor will also form more clouds, so it will
reflect sunlight back into space, where it will lower the heating process (see
water cycle).
High humidity will increase rainfall, on average, about 1 percent
for every degree Fahrenheit warming. Rainfall across the world has increased by
1 percent in the last hundred years [22]. Storms will become more frequent. In
addition, the water will evaporate more quickly from the ground. As a result,
some areas will become drier than ever. The wind will blow more strongly, and
perhaps with different patterns. Hurricanes (hurricane) that draws its strength
from the evaporation of water, would be greater. Contrary to the warming that
occurred, some very cold periods will probably occur. Weather patterns become
less predictable and more extreme
b. Sea
level rise
Changes
in the average height of the sea level measured in regions with geologically
stable environment. When the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the oceans
will also be warmed up, so that the volume will be enlarged and raise sea
levels. Warming will also melt a lot of ice at the poles, especially around
Greenland, which will raise the volume of water in the ocean. Sea levels around
the world have increased by 10-25 cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and
the IPCC scientists predict a further rise of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st
century.
Changes
in sea levels will greatly affect life in coastal areas. The increase in 100 cm
(40 inches) would drown 6 percent of the Dutch area, 17.5 percent of the region
of Bangladesh, and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches and sand dunes will
increase. When the high seas reached estuaries, tidal flooding will increase in
the mainland. Rich countries will spend huge amounts of money to protect the
coastal area, while poor countries may only be able to evacuate people from
coastal regions.
Even
a small rise in sea levels will greatly affect coastal ecosystems. An increase
of 50 cm (20 inches) would submerge half of coastal marshes in the United
States. The new swamp will also be formed, but not in urban areas and areas
that are already built. The sea level rise will cover most of the Everglades,
Florida.
c. Global
temperatures are likely to increase
One
might assume that a warm earth
will produce more food than ever before, but it
is actually not the same in some
places. The southern part of Canada,
for example, may benefit from higher rainfall
and over the
length of the growing season. On
the other hand, semi-arid tropical
agricultural land in some parts of Africa may not be able to grow.
Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from distant mountains may
suffer if the snowpack
(snow collection) winter, which serves as
a natural reservoir, will melt before the
peak months of planting.
Food crops and forest
insect and disease
attack more powerful.
d. Ecological
disturbance
Animals and plants
into living creatures that are difficult
to avoid the effects of global warming
because most of the land is controlled
by humans. In global warming, animals
tend to migrate toward the poles and up the mountains. Plants will change the direction of growth, seeking new
areas as old habitats become
too warm. However, human development will hinder
this displacement. Species that migrate north or south that are blocked by cities or agricultural
lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to move quickly towards the poles may also be
destroyed.
e.
Social and political impact
Changes in
weather and the seas can lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat
(heat stroke) and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure resulting
in hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and rising sea levels
due to melting ice in the Arctic could lead to diseases associated with natural
disasters (floods, storms and fires) and deaths due to trauma. The incidence of
natural disasters are usually accompanied by migration to places of refuge
where frequent illnesses, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient
deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.
Shifting
ecosystems can have an impact on the spread of waterborne diseases (waterborne
diseases) as well as the spread of vector-borne diseases (vector-borne
diseases). Such as the increasing incidence of dengue fever since the advent of
space (ecosystem) mosquitoes breed.
With the climate
change, there are several species of disease vectors (eq aedes aegypti),
viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs are
targeted at these organisms. In addition, it is predicted that there are some
natural species will adapt or become extinct due change these extreme
ecosystems. it will also impact climate change (climate change) that can cause
an increase in certain diseases such as acute respiratory infection (droughts /
forest fires, DBD Linkages with erratic rainy season).
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
